PANDAS/ PANS and Tic Disorders

PANDAS (Paediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections) and PANS (Pediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome) are both conditions in children characterised by a sudden onset of neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as obsessive-compulsive behaviours, tics, mood changes and sometimes changes in fine and gross motor skills. These syndromes are thought to be triggered by an immune response that affects the brain, particularly the basal ganglia, an area responsible for movement and behaviour regulation.

While they share some similarities, PANDAS is specifically linked to a streptococcal (strep) infection, whereas PANS has a broader range of possible triggers, including other infections, environmental factors, or even psychological stress.